＊海外の方が漫画作成方法を聞かれたので、今回日本語と英語でそれに必要な画材・方法を少し書きました。ちょっと、日本語の方が遅れているかもしれませんが、後でアップします。
画材注: トーンをあまり使わない事で漫画作成費用を押さえる事ができますが、必ず正式な原稿用紙で投稿してください。初期の段階では、画材の費用の方が作品より高くなる場合もあります。アナログ漫画作成に必要な基本的な画材:1. 再生紙（練習用）
2. 漫画原稿用紙（B４＝投稿用、A4=同人誌用）
3. 黒のインク （墨汁、Pilotの製図用等)
4. つけペン (G, カブラ、丸)
5. 定規 （３０cm）
6. 修正インク (Gangy の ミストン）
7. マスキングテープ
8. カッターナイフ (この写真の中で左から２、４番目）（Olfa社）:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/画像:Various_cutter_knives.jpg- トーン・紙を切るため
- トーン削り用
9. シャーペン・鉛筆
10. 油性ペン（黒）
11. トーン (I.C., deleter, maxon)
12. ライトボックス (無くてもOK)
13. コピー機
14. Fax (初めは無くてもok)
15. 白いインク(Dr Ph. Martin's Pen-White等）
16. Copic multiliner (無くてもOK)
17. トレース紙 (B4・A4)
18. スコッチテープ
19. クリアファイル (作品を保存する所)
20. 消しゴム (普通の, 練り消し, トーン用）
21. ブラシ (太・細)
22. 歯ブラシ (無くてもOK)
23. 金網 (無くてもOK)
24. 青色の色鉛筆 (トーンを何処にするかしるす為・コピーする時写らない)
25. ライター （ペン先を熱する為・無くてもOK)
26. 筆ペン （使い捨て）
27. 容器 （ブラシ・ペン先を洗う為）
*15, 22, and 23 を一緒に使うと、白い水しぶきみたいな効果が得られる。
アナログカラー漫画:1. Copic マーカー (又、他のアルコール性のマーカー)
2. Copic ペン
3. 鉛筆
4. 紙 （ケント等）
5. 色鉛筆 （主に、Copicを使用してください。）
*******
デジタル漫画に必要な基本的な画材（BW・カラー):1. ソフト (Manga Studio（アメリカ）, Comic Studio, Adobe Photoshop)
2. コンピューター
3. スキャナー
4. タブレット (Wacom)
5. CD-R/DVD-R
6. プリンター
7. A4・B4 紙
8. 再生紙（練習用）
9. USB メモリー・ポータブル ハードドライブ等 （データのバックアップ用）
10. 日本語のフォント
ページ構造
見開きは、
過去の記事で。
漫画の描き方1. ストーリーを考え、台詞等を書く。
2. ページ数等を考えながら、ネーム作成
例)
p.2 の自作漫画,
Project A (進行中):
本来は、これよりもう少し細かく描くべきです。台詞用の吹き出しもここに描きます。右の絵はステップ３です。
3. インク入れ
4. トーン入れ
5. 編集
最終的にこうなります:
* 最後の二枚の絵は、印刷面の部分だけです。
MaterialsWarning: Japanese publishers look for quality rather than quantity. So, although you can spend less money on screen tones by drawing more, you should never submit work on a scratch piece of paper and etc. unless specified in the magazine rule. At the beginning, materials can cost more than the product. Basic materials you need for analog manga:1. Scratch piece of paper (for practice)
2. Formal manga paper (You will need to buy this if you want to submit to a publisher. B4 size for submission, A4 for doujin)
3. Black ink (calligraphy ink or Pilot's ink they use for architecture designs and etc.)
4. Fountain pen (G tip, cabra (sp?), etc.)
The one similar to:
http://jp.youtube.com/watch?v=fUsIPRl9GLM5. Ruler
6. White outs
7. drafting tape (to mask areas and connect pages)
8. Knife (2nd and 4th from right in this photo:
http://ja.wikipedia.org/wiki/画像:Various_cutter_knives.jpg- to cut paper/screentones
- shave off screentones
9. mechanical pencil/ pencil
10. black marker
11. screentones (Japanese ones are: I.C., deleter, maxon)
12. Lightbox (optional)
13. Photocopy machine
14. Fax machine (in order to submit name (first draft) of manga to the publisher) (optional at the beginning)
15. White ink
16. Copic multiliner (optional)
17. Tracing paper (B4 or A4)
18. Scotch tape
19. Clear Files (where to keep your work)
20. eraser (normal one, kneading one, and one for screentones- similar to ink erasing one)
21. Brushes (thick and small)
22. toothbrush (optional)
23. mesh (optional)
24. Blue coloring pencil (to mark where you will put tones and etc.- won't show up when photocopied)
25. Lighter (to burn the tip of the pen before using) (optional)
26. Disposable calligraphy pen
27. Container to wash your brush and pen
*15, 22, and 23 are used together to make white ink splash across paper- as what Clamp often does.
For coloring in analog:1. Copic marker (or any alcohol based markers)
2. Copic pens
3. pencil
4. paper (Kent)
5. Colorn pecil (but use Copic markers the most)
Websites:Copic MarkerDeleterDesign TonesI.C. (in Japanese only)Maxon (in Japanese only)*******
Basic materials needed for digital manga in BW or color:1. Software (Manga Studio, Comic Studio, Adobe Photoshop)
2. Computer (I use Mac)
3. Scanner
4. pen tablet (I use Wacom Bamboo pen tablet)
5. CD-R/DVD-R
6. Printer
7. A4 or B4 printing paper
8. Scratch piece of paper to draw rough drafts and etc.
9. Flash memory/ portable hard drive/ etc. to backup your data
10. Japanese fonts
* You can use mouse instead of pen tablets for comics but not manga. Japanese publishers are meticulous about how lines are drawn (thickness, neatness, and how you start and end each lines). So in order to make it look closer to analog, pen tablets should be used. This is one of the reason why analog is still favored over digital. They can't tell if each line is drawn just once or several times in digital manga. As a result, they can't really figure out the skill level of the artist as much as in analog work.
Page layouts
I will just put the example of mihiraki since it's the most confusing one.
This is what mihiraki (two pages combined) looks like using formal manga papers (genkou youshi):
The red line is usually in blue so it won't show up when photocopied.
You will need to draw within the gray area:
Left of 1 is "tonbo"- where everything will get cut off
2 is "uchiwaku-sen"- where you will have to put most of your drawings and all of your dialogues. If you draw outside of this, then it can get cut off or hard to see
Some paper have lines around the gray area. That's called "sotowaku-sen."
What one of my previous mihiraki looked like:
I usually draw way over the sotowaku-sen area.
For analog, I suggest you put two pieces of paper together with a masking tape, then cut the center part so two papers are connected. Although shown here, don't put words in dialogue's bubbles. Leave it blank. You will need to write it on a tracing paper attached to the formal paper, specifying the font size and type. Publisher will do the rest for you. For digital one like this, you can put your own fonts.
This is same with 1 page except two pages won't get stuck together.
Final Product:
How to Draw Manga:1. Plan your story & write script
2. Decide on # of pages and produce "name"- i.e. rough draft in pencil on a formal manga paper.
ex.)
p.2 of my own manga,
Project A (still in progress):
Most people draw it in detail to figure out the layout. I'm supposed to- but I don't since I change drawings at the last min. I didn't do it here but put dialogue bubbles here. Please ignore the drawing on right. That's step 3
3. inking
4. Screentones
5. edit
Final:
* The last two images shown here are just printed areas(i.e. gray area shown in one of the images above).
ScreentonesYou don't need screentones to create manga, but if you want to make your manga look more fancy, then you will need it. Keep in mind though that screentones are pretty expensive even in Japan. One B4 size can range from ~290 yen to 500 yen (that's around $2.70~$4.80 or $5). You need to have more than one sheet to create a single chapter.
What screentones look like:
Basically, they are dots in a sticker form. You can overlap screentones to blend them in (but you have to be careful so they won't look weird when photocopied). Shave it with knife/eraser to have special effect or simply to blend it in.
Bad example but:
to
Clamp use I.C. tones often. That's the most expensive ones around $5.
In terms of quality of screentones (it's just my own rating),
I.C.>
Design Tone>
Maxon>
DeleterSo, you might ask,
where the heck did I use screentones?Basically, anywhere that's gray or some areas not clearly B/W.
I draw digital manga, but just assume that my work is analog. Then, I would have used it on arrows shown here:
So, in addition to paper, ink, tracing paper, pen tip, and other costs, this manga would have had
$16~40 worth of screentones just for this page. But, since this was digital, nothing other than additional electricity/internet fee.
Once you buy one sheet of screentones, you can use it over many pages since you just need a small area for each page. However, using too much will not show your drawing skills, so refrain from doing that esp. for contests for newbies like what I'm aiming for this year.
I recommend going digital for people abroad, but as I mentioned before in another thread, digital manga field is still new even in Japan. As a result, some places might not be friendly for digital manga. You will have to find out on your own if the publisher accepts your work or not. Although expensive, digital manga softwares ($200-400) can give you unlimited number of papers, screen tones, ink, and etc. when compared with analog. In addition, it won't create accidents such as ink spills and cutting your hand with knife (which I did it and OMG- you don't want blanket which looked like I just had a major battle with an octopus). It's cheaper in the long run but perhaps too expensive if you are just aiming for an amateur level.
Go and study manga such as Fairy Tail, Rave, and One Piece if you don't want to use screen tones much. However, average manga use a lot of screentones esp. if you are aiming for high quality ones such as Negima, Tsubasa Reservoir Chronicle, or Airgear. In addition, screentones are must have if you are aiming for shojo manga field. Shonen and seinen don't need too much screentones.
The ones that gone digital (I'm not sure to what extent though) are HunterXHunter, Houshin Engi (now, same manga-ka's drawing Shiki), and some colorings that Clamp do in 4-koma. Not manga, but for illustration, Kei who drew famous
Hatsune Miku.
PaperIt's faster to buy them at the store or on-line rather than create on your own. Publishers look for neatness, and although each publisher has different rules for page and printing size, it's safe to work on these.
One I usually got was:
(from
http://www.kawachigazai.co.jp/)
[B]Reason:[/B] the cheapest in the store I usually went. ($3-5 dollars for 40-50 pages)
It doesn't have to be this, but it comes in two sizes: B4 and A4.
Get B4 if you are trying to submit your work. A4 for doujin. I worked with A4 at the beginning (
TLOF Chapter 1)since you can use less screentones and get the same practice as B4.
They come in 110kg and 135kg. They are basically thickness of the paper. 135kg is thicker than 110kg. It doesn't matter which ones you use, but thicker ones are harder to rip apart or get cut up when you're using knife directly on paper.
Pens* I will add more of this laterThere are 4 types of pen tips used in manga.
1. Maru-pen (thin, round shaped ones): used often to create thin lines, mostly for Shojo manga
2. G-pen (flatter): used in general manga- creates thick lines when pressed harder
3. School pen (flatter): used often in general manga- but G pens are used more
4. kabra (sp?) pens (flatter): used in shonen manga- but G pens are used more?
5. fude pen (brush)- often used in drawing hair although digital, my signature below was created using brush strokes.
6. Copic multiliner (1-4 are recommended instead of this one- but if you can draw better with felt tip pens like these, then it's ok for a beginner).
Use fresh tips every single time you work on new chapter. Some people burn the tip with a lighter before working on manga. If used frequently, tips can split and can scratch up paper more. Wash the tip in water if ink gets clogged up.
You can get one of those with cartilages instead of ones you dip the tip in ink. However, they can get clogged up easily if not used everyday (I had to throw away millions of them).
For my
TLOF Chapter 1, I used mainly felt tipped pens such as Copic multiliner. They are waterproof and won't cause as much ink spills. However, I had to draw couple of times in order to create different thickness, and I don't really recommend this method. In addition, my drawing skill was poor at that time.
In order to improve on your pen drawing skills, just simply draw millions of lines- same thickness, same length on a piece of paper. It's tedious but that's what every manga-ka went through at the beginning. Then, try to connect those lines- without making it seem that they are separate lines. In addition, try to create many strokes- thin at the beginning, thicker in the end, vice versa and thin on both ends. You can achieve it by having faster stroke or pressing with different strengths. This may be the most crucial part of manga drawing- comics tend to have thicker lines, but Japanese ones have variety of line thickness. Thinner lines are suited for shojo manga. Thicker lines are suited for shonen manga. You can glance at Clamp's example and can see the clear difference between recent Tsubasa, xxxHolic, and Kobato. You can also notice how they use different types of screentones in those manga as well. Complicated ones for Tsubasa (shonen manga). Hardly any for xxxHolic (seinen manga), and lighter gray tones for Kobato (shojo manga). Depending on which genre of manga you draw, you will have to switch your line thickness and types of pens you use.
I hope this helps.
